Madeleine L’Engle’s “A Wrinkle in Time”

Madeleine L’Engle’s â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† ranks with the best known classic children’s stories. Perhaps a â€Å"Lewis Carroll Shelf Award† and a runner-up position in the â€Å"Hans Christian Andersen Award† would prove this claim.However, all the prestigious awards and the wide readership were not enough to put â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† in the pedestal of being one of the best works classic children literature.L’Engle’s science fantasy had received a barrage of criticisms from literary critics. The aspect of the story that had received much damage is the story’s ending. Before we go on further with this exploration of â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time†, it is essential to reiterate that the story is categorized as a children’s story—it is intended audience were children.The critics of the novel had approached the narrative in an overly critical fashion that is opposed to the book’s nature of be ing a light and fun read. And because of much overly critical approach, many had failed to appreciate that â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† is packed with valuable insights that are likely to have a positive effect on young readers.The composition of the story seems to aesthetically decent for its intended audience. The plot was rich in exciting adventures and entertaining elements like aliens and inter-space travels—elements that grab the attention of children.The protagonist of the story was a fourteen-year-old school girl by the name of Meg Murry. Having a child as a protagonist makes it easier for young readers to relate more to the book. Moreover, before all the science fantasy elements were introduced, predicaments that are normal to a child were discussed through the character of Meg.She is considered to be an underachiever and short-tempered by the people around her. These kinds of predicaments, more commonly called peer-pressures, are faced by average children worldwi de.In addition to that, Meg is set to have an adventure of a life with her brother and friend to rescue her father. This kind of adventure would sound very interesting and fun for children readers.The effectiveness of the narrative as a story for children owes much to its uncomplicated language. The language that L’Engle had incorporated in the text was uncomplicated enough for easy absorption for children of reading level.But more notably is that although there was science fantasy elements in the story, L’Engle did not presented those elements a scifi-geeky way. The uncomplicated language can be seen when Mrs. Whatsit was explaining the â€Å"tesseract† to a child like Meg (L’Engle 85).The fact that â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† a wide readership is arguably already enough to prove its effectiveness. The critics of the novel had made an approach that is considerably unnecessary. They had stripped a children’s story off its very essence. This pap er would stand beside the argument that any overly critical approach to this particular text can be considered an over-reading.The novel was not written for critics, it was for the children’s enjoyment. And because of an overly critical approach, many had failed to appreciate the ending of the story. What makes the ending appreciable is it is rich with insights that are likely to have a positive effect on young minds.For us to have a better vantage point in reviewing the ending, let us divide the ending into three significant parts: Meg’s final battle with IT, the reunion of the family, and Mrs. Whatsit’s invitation for further adventures.In Meg’s final battle with IT, the children are given the suggestion that they are capable beings. Meg is just an average child defeating an alien disembodied brain. This aspect could boost a child’s confidence towards facing challenges in life.In Meg’s reunion with her family, children are taught how to ca re for others. Her father and other characters were anxiously waiting for Meg’s safe return. This had taught Meg that she is important as person. Just like the protagonist, children readers could also have the same positive realization.Mrs. Whatsit’s invitation for further adventures suggests that after some challenges in life, may it be being an underachiever or getting lost within the continuum of time, better things and more adventures are waiting for us.The optimism that this could instil in the minds of the children would be very useful to them for this will teach them a positive outlook in life. A positive outlook would help the children through challenges in life, especially when they grow and move to adulthood—where scepticism and pessimism are prevalent.The ending should not be tampered with by the readers as changing the ending would violate the concept of authorship. Revising the ending is plain plagiarism and with simple logic, this is L’Engle ’s story—not the reader’s.Although, it is understandable that the readers and critics to have opinions and interpretations. But they should not tamper with a classic of children’s literature that was enjoyed by generations of young readers. What they could do with their opinions and interpretations is to keep those as writing materials. Who knows? They may end up writing a masterpiece for children just like â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time.†Work CitedL'Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. NY: Dell. 1973

Huxley, Plato Comparison on Education Essay

In Plato’s Republic, Plato believed the state was responsible for the education of its citizens for the purpose of their individual enlightenment. Huxley, in his work Brave New World takes this part of Plato’s utopian society and perverts it in order to indoctrinate the citizens of his state. I will attempt to argue that Huxley uses education by the state to indoctrinate its citizens and ultimately undermine Plato’s theory on education by the state for individual enlightenment. The ways in which Huxley uses education to indoctrinate the individual are diverse. Music or rather hypnopaedic sound was used to indoctrinate the citizens while they slept (Kindle, Huxley, loc 385). Eugenics but more precisely the Bokanovsky Process is used along side with Podsnap’s Technique to create the individual. These processes combined allowed the state to alter embryos and make people into whatever the state desired (Kindle, Huxley, loc 84). The use of music to educate the youth was something Plato originally stated in his utopian society. He stresses that when people are young they are more susceptible to influence (Kindle, Plato, loc 8578). Huxley’s state does this as well and plays hypnopaedic sound (music) while the young are sleeping over and over again to indoctrinate them, and slowly alter their thoughts or make them remember certain things. The uses of hypnopaedic sound vary by tones and tongue but are ultimately used to create â€Å"social stability† which is another way of saying â€Å"control of the populace†. Hypnopaedic sound is used to make the citizens never try to fix anything or use old things, but buy new ones instead. One of the sounds for this type of indoctrination is â€Å"ending is better than mending, ending is better than mending† (Kindle, Huxley, loc 1328). This process of convincing people they need to buy things is a way of gaining contentment and satisfaction as well as benefitting the state by creating a consumer society. The saying or sound â€Å"every one belongs to every one else† is also used to create a society where everyone has sex with each other and there are no relationships. The sex is not for procreation but for entertainment seeing as the state creates the individual and regulates childbirth. Plato also favored this sharing in his Utopia but only for his guardian class of citizens. Huxley applied this to his whole society but the sharing is only in-between classes never outside of classes. Another sound to further indoctrinate is â€Å"Every one works for every one else. We can’t do without any one. Even epsilons are useful. We couldn’t do without Epsilons. Every one works for every one else. We cant do without any one†(Kindle, Huxley loc 951). This is a type of farce, seeing as not all the citizens of Huxley’s world perform the same tasks or duties. Hypnopaedic sound is also used to convince people to take soma (Kindle, Huxley loc 2699). â€Å"A gramme in time saves nine† and â€Å"One cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments† are some of the hypnopaedic sounds used (Kindle, Huxley loc 1140). The drug soma was developed when the government of Huxley’s society took over the pharmaceutical industry. Soma has no side effects except providing an escape for people away from their problems, anxieties or feelings (Kindle, Huxley, loc 1328). This is really another means of control and also perversion by Huxley, which is compounded by hypnopaedic sound. The sound â€Å"everybody’s happy now† is used to make people believe they are happy and if you believe you are happy, you are happy (Kindle, Huxley, loc 968). This form of perverted education by Huxley is how the state indoctrinates the individual but this is just a part of it. Huxley’s world state employs the method of the Bokanovsky’s Process to create or rather grow its citizens some thousands at a time (Kindle, Huxley, loc 84). This process combined with the Podsnap’s Technique allows the state to mold and create the individual into whatever the state dictates by using eugenics. Plato favored a process of eugenics also as a means to breed out imperfection. Huxley took this process to creation itself instead of modification through generations (Kindle, Plato, 1252). This is Huxley’s way of specialization, which Plato also talks about in his utopian educational system as a necessary way for the state to function (Kindle, Plato loc 4953). Huxley perverts this and takes it a step further and does not give the individual a choice in what their life may be. Citizens are grown in tubes and altered by means of chemicals, additives, and even gravitational forces (Kindle, Huxley, loc 170). By these alterations people cannot think or do outside of what their task or assigned job is by the states indoctrination. The citizen can only do what it is made to do by this process and cannot question it’s purpose. In Huxley’s world state everyone regardless of their class is completely content being what they are and nothing else. This is again because they cannot think outside of what they have been made and told to be by hypnopaedic sound and state modification. (Kindle, Huxley, loc 959). Huxley’s education by means of hypnopaedic sound and eugenics indoctrinates the citizens of his world state. This indoctrination keeps the people from questioning authority and the status quo and ultimately makes them slaves to Huxley’s world state. Huxley does a fine job in Brave New World of showing what can be possible after a great tragedy occurs and the people need someone to save them. This tragedy would then lead to drastic changes in the way people live and ultimately lead to a whole brave new world. Huxley’s Brave New World does not seem possible in the actual world. Brave New World is more of a cautionary tale of what if and the totalitarian state. The real world is to globalized now and states are interdependent upon one another but hey what if?

Security Sector Reform and Weak States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Security Sector Reform and Weak States - Essay Example The term according to the definition refers to the most commonly used term to describe these transformations of the 'security system'. Consensus on the precise definition of the term has yet to be reached; it is employed to describe both single-issue reforms such as disarmament, and comprehensive processes based on broad principles such as good governance. (Security Sector Reform) Thus the expression above has given the concept of security sector reforms which include all the conditions governing the security sector, with the aims and objective of mounting the sector. The concept further more expresses in a wider range about how the security reforms should be carry out based on the modern perspective, which focuses on human security, as for given protection not only to individuals, but to a wide range of communities against any negative threat, violence and injustice, including protecting them from all forms of human violation. is commonly understood to include all the organizations that have the authority to use, or order the use of, force, or the threat of force, to protect individuals and the state Additionally, unofficial actors play an important role in the security sector, both through their involvement in... (Security Sector Reform) However, when there is no security reform, then the human life will be in turmoil, since there would be violence here and there, conflict will also become unavoidable, others include lack of good governance that will treat its people undemocratically, corruption and torture would have a place to reign, while harassment of civilian will be a top agenda. The security sector reform is said to have gained its mainstay from the beginning of the 1990s, when groups of peace initiators, indigenous groups, ethnic minorities, and other concern organization across the glob vowed to ensure that justice, fairness and all forms of positive treatments replaces intimidations against humanity from all walks of life. But at this juncture, before stepping to the next important discussion of the essay, we should exactly the process of the security reforms, meaning how it is carry out. To this end, a statement said the objective of the reforms, and the specific country or community context, certain stages are common to many SSR processes. The UK Department for International Development ((DFID) describes this process from the perspective of a donor in their guidelines on SSR, including key steps such as: informal or formal consultations; a general diagnosis including identifying and determining which entry-point/s to address; specific assessments or reviews; stakeholder meetings; implementation; monitoring; and evaluation. (Security Sector Reform) THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM AND WEAK STATES Meaning of weak states: Failed states serve as a catalyst to non-state terrorist networks. They provide locations for critical face-to-face meetings/training that create the lifelong

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Response paper - Essay Example Ultimately, it is the view of this student that the choice to diversify into the economy market is a positive one. Essentially, this decision is based upon the fact that unless a firm is continually growing and seeking to diversify its new markets, it risks becoming irrelevant and shrinking. Likewise, relying upon the cash cows that have provided the sustenance of this company into the foreseeable future is not a tenable business plan that can likely continue to promote further success. In terms of what the CEO might actually think of these arguments, it is likely that he will be hesitant to risk company profitability and productivity based upon a product that has not sufficiently been analyzed, tested, or room for market space determined. Nevertheless, he will likely be intrigued by the possibility of engaging this particular product line and production with relatively low startup costs and without a great deal of investment in machinery or

Project management DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project management DB - Essay Example This conflict though may be avoided by specifying the role of each person in the team even before the project has begun. It should be clear for both Katy and the first person that their cooperation is of utmost importance in the success of the project. Management must decide who among the two individuals will be the person in-charge of the design so that there will be no duplication of jobs. Even if Katy has the expertise in designing products, management must detail to her what task she has to perform in the team. It is to the best interest of the company to assign Katy to a marketing task since the design task may be handled by the first person already. It is the responsibility of management to set the goals and ground rules before the start of the project (Cooper, n.d.). This will prevent potential conflicts and ambiguities later on. Another problem that might confront the team is the schedule of Katy. Since she can only work for approximately 10 hours a week, she should make sure that she is able to cover all her duties given the amount of time that she will be spending on the project. The first person must also be informed of the number of hours that Katy will put in on the project so that he will not expect Katy to work the same number of hours as he does. One other point of difficulty is the issue on compensation. Since the first person will be working for 15 to 20 hours a week, while Katy will work for only 10 hours, management must come up with a fair compensation package for both. It is however management’s responsibility to observe whether the hours put in by both persons are quality time. The first person may be working more hours but the quality of work is below standards while Katy may be working less hours but the work put in is above par. This aspect should be closely monitored by

Relationship with Boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Relationship with Boss - Essay Example The traditional concept was top-down approach and there was no question of managing the relationship with the boss. However, in the modern context, the concept has changed and the both-way approach has begun to prevail within the various organizations. In present times, the subordinates are required to develop certain traits through which their relationship with the boss can be managed effectively. According to Geisler (2011), knowledge about the working habits of the boss is essential for the subordinates in order to manage the relationship. It has also been observed that the subordinates should communicate with the boss in the way which is liked by the latter. The values of the boss are required to be recognized by the subordinate and he or she should try to align the boss’s values with his or her own. The structure of this paper will be focused upon the various approaches mentioned by the writers of the two articles. In this section of the research paper, the understanding of the subordinate or the manager of the retail chain (about herself) will be discussed. The manager should be specific about the fact that in her relationship with the boss, she is holding one part, the other part being the boss. Hence, for making the relationship effective, the manager should understand her own necessities along with strengths and weaknesses and personal style. Although it is not possible to change the nature of any person and so do the boss and the subordinate, the manager should strive for recognizing her personal traits that are hindering the growth of an effective relationship with the boss. The manager should then try out ways through which her discrepancies can be eradicated and the relationship can be made worthy.

Ability & Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ability & Dance - Essay Example Our reaction tends to wander from discomfort (should they be allowing a man with no legs to do that?) to rather patronizingly expressed wonder at how they are able to achieve that. We forget that the dance is meant to be enjoyed to be a beautiful spectacle and not an item of pity, discomfort or faked wonder (Kilgannon). Over the years the concept of a disabled person dancing has always been frowned upon as if it is an imposition as if it as an added burden – don t they have enough difficulty as it is just walking on one leg, how will they ever manage to dance as well? As do the reactions – fake or otherwise – â€Å"It must be really taxing to achieve that†. Yet these are never asked of able-bodied dancers. Instead we are too wrapped up in the beauty and completeness of their sequences. Which al suddenly becomes unimportant and unimpressive the minute we see a disabled person try the same thing (Kilgannon). The first is the sequence with the hoola hoops done by the very flexible gentlemen and the lady. This sequence enables the audience to be mesmerized by how the two blend together, with the hoops being utilized very efficiently as props that improve the story-telling and narration of the dance. We see the man and the woman almost compete as far as dexterity is concerned, each showing off how flexible they are and how intricately they can use the hoops. The second sequence is the one in the dance studio with the disabled man and the able-bodied ballet dancer where they intertwine their limbs in such a way as to meld together in a beautiful concert of their limbs, the man’s arms and the ladies legs (Kilgannon). In the film the issues are not just of physical ability there is also mental ability since one of the men has an obsessive compulsive disorder of some sort going on as well. The film basically shows the humanity of the characters and tries to remove the inability but, as it does

Stoneridge Investment Partners LLC v. Scientific Atlanta Essay

Stoneridge Investment Partners LLC v. Scientific Atlanta - Essay Example The court in its analysis of the facts in the case, the court asserted that the claims against the plaintiffs were based on aiding and abetting and not on manipulation or deception. There was no allegation of involvement of the vendors in any of the charters deception since they were not involved in internal accounting (Hein et al. 25-32). The vendors were deemed to have been involved in a business transaction, which did not involve securities and were such under no obligation to take any action on the financial happenings of the charter company. The court was right in not revisiting the 1994 Central Bank aiding and abetting standard, which created primary and secondary liability. The ruling in the 1994 case of Central Bank of Denver v. the First Interstate Bank of Denver, which held, that aiders and abettors were liable to scheme liability in instances in which their actions resulted in financial losses and manipulative tendencies (Perry and Scott 26-32). Revisiting the case and cre ating scheme liability would not have been practical as even the 1994 case strictly applied the rule of section 10 (b) were not envisioned to include aiders and abettors. ... The law would also result to an increase in the number of cases filed against secondary violators of the SEC Act; the act would deter and lead to a shift of many foreign investors from the country due to the high risks and costs involved. The positive effects of such a ruling on the business community would be its effect on the accounting principles and general way of doing business. Such a ruling would make many businesses to be more careful in their business dealings even in secondary transactions (Coberly 26-7). Since the rule would make secondary violators liable, it would result into more vigilance among businesses that would result to better management and more profits for the business. The question of whether there was aiding and abetting in the Stoneridge Investment Partners LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc case is a complex issue which is subject to different interpretations. In my opinion, the defendants cannot be said to have been involved in aiding and abetting since what t hey were involved in was a secondary business transaction to what is proscribed as aiding and abetting in section 10 (b). Aiding and abetting would entail intent to collude in order to deceive and manipulate people into buying of securities. The defendants in this case were not involved in any collusion since theirs was simply a business transaction separated from the selling of securities. The behavior of the vendors while legal under the law since it adheres to general accounting principles is unethical in that it was unethical. Professional conduct in business calls for an adherence to ethical principles in all aspects of doing business. The vendors acted in an unethical manner since they had knowledge of the unethical financial reporting that the charter was involved in yet they

The Maasai Tribe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Maasai Tribe - Research Paper Example While in European culture, a house is spacious and is furnished with a whole range of furniture including wall units, tables, sofa sets, entertainment systems and modern utensils, the Maasai hut is small and scantily furnished (Spearand Waller, 1993). Lemalian’s hut has animal skins and hides that serve as the sitting mats. Furniture do not matter much to the Maasai, all they care about is their livestock. The Maasai believe that Ngai handed over the livestock to the Maasai ancestors. Wealth is measured based on the size of the herds of cattle that an individual owns in the Maasai culture. The Maasai believe that it is okay to invade and take away cattle from their neighbors (Spearand Waller, 1993), something that is unacceptable in European culture. This is because they believe that cattle are given to them by their god. Measurement of wealth in European culture quite much differs from the Maasai’s perception. Europeans measure wealth in terms of money and a wide range of assets. In stead of stealing from other communities, Europeans believe in hard work and entrepreneurship. Carola, a Swiss woman no wonder values her car and tries to create more wealth by establishing shop in the village. Female Circumcision There is a great contrast between the Maasai and Swedish culture in respect of the fact that the latter do not practice female circumcision even as the former embraces it without question. Women are forced, against their wishes, to undergo circumcision as is presented in Rohrbach’s (2005) The White Maasai. The age-old cultural practice greatly frustrates Carola who hates to be involved in it. Every woman in the Maasai community is expected to undergo circumcision. The ritual is conducted as an initiation to adulthood, the uncircumcised being considered children irrespective of their age and unfit for marriage (Spearand Waller, 1993). The practice is done using crude tools and is most painful an experience. Carola being a Swiss woman a nd already married without being circumcised is viewed as weak and unfit for praise in the community in spite of her hard work. Appreciating the women’s suffering during circumcision, she tries to make the community understand that subjecting women to such suffering is completely unwarranted. Her please land on deaf years, as circumcision roots back to prehistoric times according to the communities’ elders. Women’s and Men’s Duties Women and girls in Maasai community have a number of duties. Some of the duties include constructing the manyattas and huts, milking, fetching water and firewood, and harvesting calabashes and gourds according to (Spearand Waller, 1993). They also clean the gourds and decorate them using beads and leather. Men on the other hand have the main responsibility of herding livestock. Men are nurtured by women and greatly revered (Spencer, 2003). The girls and women are expected to remain submissive to their male counterparts and in f act have no say in the community’s activities. Women are expected to serve their husbands and other males even when it hurts in the Maasai community (Spencer, 2003). In fact, men are preferred to women in the Maasai community, not like in the Swedish culture where boys and girls are equally appreciated. This can be seen when Carola is forced to employ the chief’s lazy nephew in her shop. The uneducated boy has to be

Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical Thinking Essay 1. Is it wrong to kill someone in self-defense? I think that ultimately it’s wrong to kill anyone no matter the situation. Do I understand killing someone in self- defense? Yes I do, if you are at your home and someone breaks and enters into your home and your safety and family’s safety is jeopardized I feel that a person should protect themselves at all costs no matter what. It’s not against the law for an individual to bear arms, unless they are a felon. But I believe that no person should not react if there life is at risk. 2. Should people be given equal opportunities, regardless of race, religion, or gender? Yes I do believe that no matter race, gender, or religion, everyone deserves a fair chance at success. Whether it’s applying for school, jobs, etc. I don’t think that these things can affect the way and individual works! I do believe in equal opportunity! 3. Is it wrong to ridicule someone, even if you believe it’s in good fun? Yes I do believe it’s wrong to ridicule someone even if it’s fun to you, it may not be fun to the person you ridicule. What’s funny to you can be very hurtful to the next person; you don’t know what the person your ridiculing has been through or what they are going through. I have seen and heard of people being ridiculed by someone and they have actually taken drastic measures as far as committing suicide or have gone on a killing spree. Killing the ones that have ridiculed them or put them through a lot allowing people to ridicule them. It’s easy for one to look at someone’s misfortunes and tease them and make fun of them. Just because you want to make yourself feel better. I think that people that do this are unhappy with their life, that they have to make other’s feel bad about there’s. It’s not right and it’s not fair.

Awareness Of Idhayam Oil Pulling Among Customers

Awareness Of Idhayam Oil Pulling Among Customers Vegetable Oil is a necessity for all the people. Every human being consumes oil day by day. Here is one company called IDHAYAM, the market leader of oil manufacturing product came out with a new idea to enter into health care product. They have explained the method, how to use oil in our mouth this is so called oil pulling therapy. This study is all about to find what is the level of awareness of oil pulling among customers. How do they know the product either by media or by word of mouth and whether have tried the product or not and how long they have been using oil pulling therapy. At the same time there are some benefits out of oil pulling therapy like, to improve oral hygiene and so on. So from this we can find whether they have got the benefits and who are all customers using the therapy continuously? For this I have applied research concepts and conducted a survey to collect the qualitative data to provide how to enhance the awareness if it is low. INTRODUCTION Idhayam is a strong regional brand in the hugely diverse and unorganized edible oil market in India. Indian edible oil market is huge with a consumption of 168 lakh tonnes per year. The market is wide and varied with regional preferences diverse across India. Ground Nut oil is preferred in the Western states in India, Coconut oil and Sesame oil is preferred in the Southern states, Mustard Oil in East and North states, Soya bean oil in Central and North/West states and sunflower oil in most parts of the country. Idhayam is the brand in the sesame oil (Gingelly oil) segment. The brand has a rich heritage of over 60 years. The company came into existence in 1943 and over these years the brand has grown to occupy a major share in the South Indian market. Idhayam brand sells over 13 lakh liters per month Traditionally people use coconut oil; Idhayam is a familiar brand because of the intense promotion by the company. The brand is promoted heavily through television and magazines. The brand uses the famous South Indian Diva Jyothika to endorse the brand. Although the ads are dubbed from Tamil in Malayalam, the heavy and constant bombardment of ads never misses the audience. What is more interesting is the message of the ad. Idhayam means Heart. The brand has its basic values rooted in health platform. I think the brand had this even before the Sunflower brands took over the health positioning. Idhayam is positioned as all-purpose edible oil. The brand talks about low cholesterol content and great taste. The ad also reminds you that the oil is best to apply on hair too. Health + Taste have been the positioning of Idhayam for years now. The company later entered the groundnut oil market with a brand: Mantra Groundnut oil. The success of Idhayam lies in the ability of the company to build the brand. It had been a commodity business but Idhayam added value and now rules this segment. The brand over time has now come out with an innovative marketing strategy Oil Pulling. This is an initiative of the company to pioneer the concept of Oil therapy in the country. Oil Pulling is the method of rinsing the mouth with oil for Twenty minutes by Swishing the oil between the teeth. According to the company reports, this process effectively cures glaucoma and gum diseases. DESIGN OF THE STUDY A brief description of the scientific procedures followed in conducting this study is presented under the following headings: Need for the study Objectives of the study Methodology Sources of data Research instrument NEED FOR THE STUDY The study is conducted to know about the awareness of Idhayam oil pulling practice among customers. There are some simple questions, which helps us to know the need for the study. Whether the customers know about the product? How they came to know about the product, which means which medium helps them to know about the product? Then whether they have tried and how many days they have been using the therapy? Whether they know the therapy/product benefit? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To find out the level of awareness of benefits they have been getting by using the product (oil pulling). To provide the possible recommendations to enhance the product awareness among consumers. METHODOLOGY: A survey was conducted for collecting data from the vertical residential segment, especially where the response for product (oil) is high. Non probability purposive sampling method is used to analyze the data. Almost all areas in Chennai city were covered. A questionnaire was prepared on awareness of oil pulling. Details of the area, contact number and details of each customer/consumer were collected. The survey laid emphasis to the questions about experience of oil pulling and benefits out of oil pulling. All customers/consumers were personally interviewed within the set parameters. Study was done according to the details obtained from managers, consumers and also from the gestures of both. Over a period of 10 days I visited, one area at Chennai per day and at least 30 data per day were collected. Every evening after collecting the data, team members gathered and I have discussed with my group mates about the experiences (both quantity and quality) of the data obtained. Details of further action were planned and report of the day was kept updated. SOURCES OF DATA: Primary data: The sources were mainly from primary data. The summer as I was assigned to collect the fresh data without any references from secondary data. RESEARCH DESIGN: Research simply means a search for facts, answers to questions and solution to problem. It is a purposive investigation, an organized inquiry. It seeks to find explanations to unexplained phenomenon, to clarify the doubtful propositions and to correct the misconceived facts. In order to comply with our objective and test our research hypotheses we design a study based on the effect of corporate social responsibility on the consumer purchase behavior. TYPE OF RESEARCH Descriptive Research Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. Descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. But there are always restrictions to that. Your research must have an impact to the lives of the people around you. Define population: The population for this study is people who are use situated at Chennai and the area for the study conducted is given by the company itself (Areas: Aalandhur, Adhambakkam, Nanganallur, T Nagar, Adyar, Anna nagar). Sample size: Sample size : 100 I have conducted the study and collected the data in that specified area, which was given my organization. Moreover I have collected many responds, in that i have selected 100 samples based on reliability of the data. Sample type: It is non-probability purposive sample type. This type of sample selects the sample members to conform to some criterion. Here I am conducted the study on awareness of oil pulling. So for my convenience i may want to talk only with those who have experienced the therapy. Collection method: The collection method I have used is SURVEY METHOD QUESTIONNAIRE. The questionnaire contains three categories of measurement question: Administrative questions identify the respondents location. Classification questions it usually cover sociological demographic variables that allow participants answers to be grouped so that patterns are revealed and can be studied. Target questions (structured) address the investigative questions of a specific study with a fixed set of choices; often called as closed questions. Instrument type: The instrument type which I have used is interview schedule. Interview schedule which means I have interviewed the people with the help of questionnaire. Proposed analysis: The questionnaire is full of nominal data type; I have used frequencies, means and cross tabulations. COMPANY PROFILE IDHAYAM AN OVERVIEW: Mr. V. V. Vanniaperumal has an exemplary tract record in the business world of Tamil Nadu, south India, since 1943. He had three illustrious sons who built up the business empire in edible sesame oil as traditional family business. Their business base was constructed in the business town Virudhunagar. Mr. V. V. Rajendran, son of Mr. V. V. Vanniaperumal was the founder of the Idhayam group in the year 1986. He, with an experience of more than 43 years launched sesame oil in a new consumer packing in the brand name IDHAYAM. The group was built with the main object of SINCERITY and HARDWORK. COMMITMENT TO QUALITY was their key to success. Mr. V. V. Rajendran passed away in the year 1994 at the age of 65. Being the eldest son, Mr. V. R. Muthu, led his brothers, Mr. V. R. Sathyam and Mr. V. R.Thendral to bring the business to greater heights. Under his leadership, the company moved towards automation in production and packaging, and increased domestic as well as export sales. IDHAYAM, The name gets its origin from Hriday a Sanskrit word, which means Heart. The high unsaturation of sesame oil, due to the presence of almost levels of oleic and linoleic acid along with the natural antioxidant compounds render much favorable health attributes viz., hypocholesterolemic and cardiac friendly heart friendly. Thus, the name IDHAYAM COMPANY VISION: To be a leading and respected company in providing high quality edible oils with worldwide visibility. COMPANY MISSION: We are dedicated to deliver premium quality sesame oil through continuous improvement in quality with an uncompromised level of service, investment in process technology, innovative packaging, human resources and frequent update of RD, striving to achieve worldwide recognition as a leading supplier in the industry. THE BUSINESS: Never compromising on its premium raw materials, the specially, carefully selected seeds are mechanically cleaned. Palm jiggery, which has the properties of preservation, is used in the production of IDHAYAM sesame oil. The company packs and trades sesame oil under three brand names- IDHAYAM, DELT and SIM SIM. Selling 15000 tonnes annually, the company is placed as the leader in sesame oil industry in India. PRODUCTS OF IDHAYAM: SAMBANDHI IN 1992 DOTS APPALAM IN 2001 SWEET COATED SESAME SEEDS IN 2005 IDHAYAM WEALTH IN 2005 IDHAYAM MANTRA IN 2006 IDHAYAM HARDIL IN 2006 IDHAYAM REACH Idhayam sells their products to more than 10 countries with the customer base in USA, gulf countries, Singapore, Canada, Malaysia, Australia, Sri Lanka, UK, Russia, Norway, france, Denmark, south Africa, port Louis, new Zealand, Switzerland, Mauritius and Scotland. Over the years IDHAYAM has proven themselves to be the preferred supplier of edible oils. SESAME OIL VEDIC EXCELLANCE: Sesame Seed Oil has been used as healing oil for thousands of years. Sesame oil is mentioned in the Vedas as excellent for humans. It is naturally antibacterial for common skin pathogens, such as staphylococcus and streptococcus as well as common skin fungi, such as athletes foot fungus. It is naturally antiviral. It is a natural anti-inflammatory agent. RELEIF FROM DANDRUFF: Used after exposure to wind or sun it will calm the burns. It nourishes and feeds the scalp to control dry scalp dandruff and to kill dandruff causing bacteria. It protects the skin from the effects of chlorine in swimming pool water. Used before and after radiation treatments, sesame seed oil helps neutralize the flood of oxygen radicals, which such treatment inevitably causes. MEDICAL USES: Used after exposure to wind or sun it will calm the burns. It nourishes and feeds the scalp to control dry scalp dandruff and to kill dandruff causing bacteria. It protects the skin from the effects of chlorine in swimming pool water. Used before and after radiation treatments, sesame seed oil helps neutralize the flood of oxygen radicals, which such treatment inevitably causes. In recent experiments in Holland by Ayurveda physicians, the oil has been used in the treatment of several chronic disease processes, including hepatitis, diabetes and migraines. In vitro, sesame seed oil has inhibited the growth of malignant melanoma (a skin cancer): PROSTAGLANDIN LEUKATRINES and ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 46: 145-150, 1992. Also in vitro, sesame seed oil has inhibited replication of human colon cancer cells: ANTI CANCER RESEARCH 11: 209-216, 1992. EFFECT OF OIL BATH: On the skin, oil soluble toxins are attracted to sesame seed oil molecules, which can then be washed away with hot water and a mild soap. Internally, the oil molecules attract oil soluble toxins and carry them into the blood stream and then out of the body as waste. Used as a douche mixed with warm water, the oil controls vaginal yeast infections. Sesame seed oil absorbs quickly and penetrates through the tissues to the very marrow of the bone. It enters into the blood stream through the capillaries and circulates. The liver does not sweep sesame seed oil molecules from the blood, accepting those molecules as friendly. Sesame seed oil helps joints keep their flexibility. It keeps the skin supple and soft. It heals and protects areas of mild scrapes, cuts and abrasions. It helps tighten facial skin, particularly around the nose, controlling the usual enlargement of pores as skin ages chronologically. AS AN ANTI-OXIDANT: Research shows that sesame seed oil is a potent antioxidant. In the tissues beneath the skin, this oil will neutralize oxygen radicals. It penetrates into the skin quickly and enters the blood stream through the capillaries. Molecules of sesame seed oil maintain good cholesterol (HDL) and lower bad cholesterol (LDL). Sesame seed oil is a cell growth regulator and slows down cell growth and replication. In both the small intestine and the colon, some cells are nourished by fat instead of sugar. The presence of sesame seed oil can provide those cells with essential nourishment. THOUGHT FOR TEENS: Teen boys and girls have learned, wrongly, that all oil is bad for their facial skin. Heavy oils and toxic oils and creams are bad for all facial skin. But sesame seed oil is the one oil which is actually good for young skin. It helps control eruptions and neutralizes the poisons which develop both on the surface and in the pores. With sesame oil, no cosmetics are needed. The oil will cause young facial skin to have and display natural good health. EXPERIEMENTAL RESULTS: In an experiment at the Maharishi International College in Fairfield, Iowa, students rinsed their mouths with sesame oil, resulting in an 85% reduction in the bacteria, which causes gingivitis. As nose drops, sniffed back into the sinuses, sesame seed oil has cured chronic sinusitis. As a throat gargle, it kills strep and other common cold bacteria. It helps sufferers of psoriasis and dry skin ailments. It has been successfully used in the hair of children to kill lice infestations. It is a useful natural UV protector. GOOD FOR BABIES: On the skin, oil soluble toxins are attracted to sesame seed oil molecules, which can then be washed away with hot water and a mild soap. Internally, the oil molecules attract oil soluble toxins and carry them into the blood stream and then out of the body as waste. Used as a douche mixed with warm water, the oil controls vaginal yeast infections. Sesame seed oil absorbs quickly and penetrates through the tissues to the very marrow of the bone. It enters into the blood stream through the capillaries and circulates. The liver does not sweep sesame seed oil molecules from the blood, accepting those molecules as friendly. Sesame seed oil helps joints keep their flexibility. It keeps the skin supple and soft. It heals and protects areas of mild scrapes, cuts and abrasions. It helps tighten facial skin, particularly around the nose, controlling the usual enlargement of pores as skin ages chronologically. BAD TEETH EQUAL BAD HEART: PEOPLE with more bacteria in their mouths also have more evidence of heart disease, researchers said on Monday in a study strengthening the evidence for a link between gum disease and heart diseases. The study of 657 people who had no history of stroke or heart attack showed that people with more bacteria that cause periodontal disease also had thicker carodit arteries a strong indicator of clogged blood vessels. In the American Heart Associations journal Circulation, the team at Columbia University in New York said the association held even when other heart risk factors were taken into account. This is the most direct evidence yet that gum disease may lead to stroke or cardiovascular disease said Dr.Moise Desverieux at Columbia University Medical Center, who led the study. And because gum infections are preventable and treatable, taking care of your oral health could very well have a significant impact on your cardiovascular health. WHAT IS OIL PULLING? Our ancestors practiced oil pulling (swishing with oil) many centuries ago. Over the years, the importance of oil pulling lost its significance. However, it is an excellent and very easy method to follow even in these modern times to keep our mouth, teeth and gums clean, strong and healthy. Every morning on waking up, on an empty stomach, take 5 to 10 ml. of unadulterated oil in your mouth. Close your mouth and swish and swirl the oil in such a way that the oil passes through all the gaps between the teeth. By doing this for 15 to 20 minutes, the oil in the mouth turns whitish and frothy. This has to be spat out. Then wash your mouth with clean water. This is the way to do oil pulling. The ideal time to do oil pulling is in the morning hours. However, for those whom doing it in the morning is not convenient, they may also do oil pulling at night before going to bed. BENEFITS OF OIL PULLING: During oil pulling, the oil in the mouth, surrounds the bacteria in the mouth and prevents respiration of the bacteria. This makes the bacteria inactive. The oil when kept in the mouth for a while mixes with the saliva and turns into an emulsified oil. Further, the bicarbonates in the saliva mix with the emulsified oil and change into a week soapy solution. This soapy solution kills and washes away the inactivated bacteria. Thus, disorders and diseases that could have been caused by the bacteria in the mouth are prevented. This soapy solution neither harms the soft buccal tissues nor causes any side effects. If sesame oil is used for oil pulling, the benefits of the oil pulling are enhanced because of the medicinal properties of sesame oil. It prevents tooth decay, bleeding gums, bad breath and dryness of throat. Sesame oil heals cuts and wounds in the soft buccal tissues and chapped and cracked lips also. It strengthens the teeth, gums and jaws. Not only that there are lot more benefits like we can avoid sleeplessness, which means if we use the therapy we could be able to have a nice sleep at night. DATA ANALYSIS A STUDY ON AWARENESS OF IDHAYAM OIL PULLING AMONG CUSTOMERS Name: Gender: Male/Female Area of location: Occupation: BUSINESS/WORKING/RETIRED/OTHERS Contact no: Marital status: Education: Income: 1) Age? 2) Do you know what oil pulling/oil pulling therapy is? Yes No (If your answer is YES, then go further. Otherwise go to Q18) 3) Which medium helped you to know about oil pulling? Media ads Doctors Word of mouth 4) Have you ever tried oil pulling therapy? Yes No If no, what is your reason? (After answering this go to Q16) Difficulty to spend the time to try Not clear about the product/benefits 5) How many days you have been using oil pulling therapy? 5 Months 6) Is there anybody else using oil pulling at your home? Yes No 7) Why you are using oil pulling? To cure/avoid (below stated are the benefits out of oil pulling) Mouth related infections (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Sleeplessness (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Face pimples (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Throat infection (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) None (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Other benefits specify à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 8) Have you got the benefit that which what you mentioned in Q6 as your reason for using oil pulling Yes No 9) Are you able to find the product from the nearer retailer store? Yes No 10) How do you feel about the advertisement? The advertisements are attractive The advertisements provides adequate information The contents of the advertisements can be improved 11) Are the advertisements provide you the oil pulling relevant benefit information? Yes No If No, in what way the advertisements are not providing you the relevant information? In the way of Benefits Product knowledge Methods to use 12) Are you still using the therapy? Yes No if no, then reasons for stop using it 13) To whom you recommend to use oil pulling therapy? Family Relatives Friends None 14) Reasons for unawareness. No knowledge of product No knowledge of benefits 15) If you know the product and its benefits, would you like to try the therapy? Yes No 16) Suggestions? @@@ THANK YOU FOR YOUR FEEDBACK @@@ GENDER: Statistics Gender N Valid 100 Missing 0 Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid MALE 67 67.0 67.0 67.0 FEMALE 33 33.0 33.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 INFERENCE: From the total sample size of 100, 67 peoples are male and the remaining people of 33 are female. OCCUPATION: Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percept N Percept N Percept Gender * Occupation 100 100.0% 0 .0% 100 100.0% Gender * Occupation Cross tabulation Count Occupation Total BUSINESS WORK RETIRED OTHERS Gender MALE 8 38 9 12 67 FEMALE 2 8 0 23 33 Total 10 46 9 35 100 INFERENCE: In my sample of 100, there were 67 of male and 33 of female. Out of which 46 (38 male 8 female) were working people who have been using the therapy and rest were business and retired peoples. So from this I can say that the working people are the large number of users of therapy. AGE/AGE COMPARISON (TRIED AND STILL USING PEOPLE): Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percept N Percept N Percept Age * Occupation 100 100.0% 0 .0% 100 100.0% Age * Occupation Cross tabulation Count Occupation Total BUSINESS WORK RETIRED OTHERS Age 20-30 yrs. 0 7 0 20 27 30-40 yrs. 5 17 0 9 31 40-50 yrs. 3 15 1 3 22 Above 50 yrs. 2 7 8 3 20 Total 10 46 9 35 100 Age * Gender Cross tabulation Count Gender Total MALE FEMALE Age 20-30 yrs. 13 14 27 30-40 yrs. 20 11 31 40-50 yrs. 16 6 22 Above 50 yrs. 18 2 20 Total 67 33 100 INFERENCE: In our sample size of 100, there were totally 67 male and 33 female, out of which 31 were in between 30-40 yrs. Which means this age group got the highest users of oil pulling therapy and in that 31, 20 were male and 11 was female. AGE WISE TRIED PEOPLE: Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Try * Still using * Age 24 24.0% 76 76.0% 100 100.0% Try * Still using * Age Cross tabulation Count Age Still using Total YES NO 20-30 yrs. Try YES 2 6 8 Total 2 6 8 30-40 yrs. Try YES 2 4 6 Total 2 4 6 40-50 yrs. Try YES 5 5 Total 5 5 Above 50 yrs. Try YES 4 1 5 Total 4 1 5 INFERENCE: The total of 100, only 24 were tried the therapy. In that the age group who has been still using the therapy is above 50 yrs. KNOWN AND TRIED PEOPLE: Statistics Know Try N Valid 100 41 Missing 0 59 Know Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid YES 41 41.0 41.0 41.0 NO 59 59.0 59.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 INFERENCE: The graph shows that 41 number of peoples were know about the therapy and in that 24 were tried the therapy and used by them. Try Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid YES 24 24.0 58.5 58.5 NO 17 17.0 41.5 100.0 Total 41 41.0 100.0 Missing System 59 59.0 Total 100 100.0 INFERENCE: The people who have tried the therapy are about 24 and the remaining was not aware of the therapy. Medium: Statistics Medium N Valid 41 Missing 59 Medium Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid MEDIA 31 31.0 75.6 75.6 WORD OF MOUTH 10 10.0 24.4 100.0 Total 41 41.0 100.0 Missing System 59 59.0 Total 100 100.0 INFERENCE: The graph shows that the people who know about the therapy as well as product through media, this medium plays a vital role to make them aware. TRIED PEOPLE FOR WHAT PURPOSE: Case Processing Summary Cases Included Excluded Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Try * Purpose 24 24.0% 76 76.0% 100 100.0% Report Try Purpose Mean N Std. Deviation MOUTH RELATED 1.0000 17 .00000 PIMPELS 1.0000 3 .00000 NONE 1.0000 4 .00000 Total 1.0000 24 .00000 INFERENCE: From the report we came to know that the therapy is make use only for mouth related (mouth ulcers) infections. TRIED PEOPLE AND STILL USING THE THERAPHY: Case Processing Summary Cases Included Excluded Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Try * Still using 24 24.0% 76 76.0% 100 100.0% Report Try Still using Mean N Std. Deviation YES 1.0000 8 .00000 NO 1.0000 16 .00000 Total 1.0000 24 .00000 INFERENCE: When the customers don find any benefit then there is some chances of not sticking with the product. PURPOSE AND NO OF DAYS: Case Processing Summary Cases Included Excluded Total N Percent N Percent N

Louis XIV :: essays research papers

Louis XIV Greed is defined in the dictionary as selfish and grasping desire for possession; especially of wealth. It is also described as a noun. This definition can be directly related and best describes Louis XIV, the king of France in the sixteen hundreds. The effects of greed destroying peoples lives can be seen in the beginning of Louis XIV’s reign, during his reign, and after his reign had ended Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 when he was only five (Cairns 103). From the moment he entered power and his reign began he had greedy intentions and enormous ideas of divine rule (Cairns 112). In 1661, Louis chief advisor Cardinal Jules Mazarin died and Louis then decided that he would be the only ruler of France (Spielvagel 1). Louis once expressed, â€Å"It is now time that I govern them myself. I request and order you to seal no orders except my command,†¦ I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport†¦ without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favor no one† (Spielvagel 1). This quote reveals Louis’s desire to have power over everything and control everyone around him. Louis used the sun as his symbol of power. He often quoted, â€Å"I am the state† (Cairns 35). Exposed in this quote is Louis mindset that he had all power. Using the sun as his symbol of power enforced his belief that he was the center of a ll things. Author of â€Å"Court Described by Duc De Saint Simon,† Elena Steingrad, stated the following when referring to King Louis’s life, â€Å"†¦ he compelled his courtiers to live beyond their income, and gradually reduced then to depend on his bounty for the means of subsistence. This was a plague which became a scourge to the whole country†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4). The quote shows Louis’ greedy intentions, which eventually led to widespread confusion and an economic drop to the country of France (Steingrad 4). Louis XIV in the beginning of his reign was starting to show signs of his enormous, greedy intentions and his belief in divine rule. It was the start of his reign that France began to slowly crumble. In the beginning of Louis XIV’s reign he made an enormous decision, which revealed his greed for his own personal needs. The Palace of Versailles that he had constructed in 1682 is an excellent symbol of Louis over usage of the country’s money on himself.

tsar :: essays research papers fc

Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt was considered to be one of the most important things to them at the time they had different methods of burial before mummification one of them was the sand in the blistering heat of the desert but after they started to believe that the body must stay in tact this what will be discussing in this essay. What Is Mummification? Mummification is the preservation of a body, either animal or human. Some mummies are preserved wet, some are frozen, and some are dried. It can be a natural process or it may be deliberately achieved. The Egyptian mummies were deliberately made by drying the body. By eliminating the moisture in the body, you have eliminated the source of decay. They dried the body by using a salt mixture called natron. Natron is a natural substance that is found in abundance along the Nile River. Natron is made up of four salts: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate. The sodium carbonate works as a drying agent, drawing the water out of the body. At the same time the bicarbonate, when subjected to moisture, increases the pH that creates a hostile environment for bacteria. The Egyptian climate lent itself well to the mummification process, being both very hot and dry. Why Did The Ancient Egyptian's Mummify Their Dead? The Egyptians believed that there were six important aspects that made up a human being: the physical body, shadow, name, ka (spirit), ba (personality), and the akh (immortality). Each one of these elements played an important role in the well being of an individual. Each was necessary to achieve rebirth into the afterlife. With the exception of the akh, all these elements join a person at birth. A person's shadow was always present. A person could not exist with out a shadow, nor the shadow without the person. The shadow was represented as a small human figure painted completely black. A person's name was given to them at birth and would live for as long as that name was spoken. This is why efforts were made to protect the name. A cartouche (magical rope) was used to surround the name and protect it for eternity. The ka was a person's double. It is what we would call a spirit or a soul. The ka was created at the same time as the physical body.

Alexander Popes Essay on Man -- Alexander Popes Essay on Man

Alexander Pope's Essay on Man - Man is Never Satisfied Alexander Pope's Essay on Man is a philosophical poem, written, characteristically in heroic couplet. It is an attempt to justify and vindicate the ways of God to man. It’s also a warning that man himself is not as in his pride, he seems to believe the center of all things. Eventhough not truly Christian, the essay makes implicit assumption that man has fallen and that he must seek his own salvation. Pope sets out to demonstrate that no matter how imperfect complex and disturbingly full evil the universe may appear to be, it does function in a rational fashion, according to natural laws and is in fact considered as a whole perfect work of God. It appears unsatisfy to us only because our perceptions are limited by...

Female Reproductive System of Pheretima Posthuma

Female reproductive system of earthworm- It consists of following parts: 1. Ovary 2. Oviducal funnel 3. Oviducts 4. Female genital aperture 5. Spermathaceae 1. Ovary- They are the white lobed structures which are present in the intersegment of 12/13. They consist of ova secreting cells. The ova are usually generated by the process of oogenesis. They are generally arranged on the basis of maturation. The matured ones are contained in the distal end whereas the immature ones are concentrated in the proximal end. 2.Oviducal funnel- A pair of funnel-like structure is present beneath the ovary in the 13th segment. They are the ciliated structures which allow the ova to be passed through a pair of tubular structures called oviducts. The regular beating of cilia helps to collect the ova inside it. 3. Oviducts- The ovducal funnel leads to a narrow pair of tubular structures called oviducts. They are internally ciliated and allows the ova to pass through it. These pair of oviducts run ventral ly to meet at the 14th segment where it forms the female genital aperture. . Female genital aperture- They are the mid- ventrally located apertures in the 14th segment of the earthworm. Through these apertures, the ova which are passing through the oviducts are passed during the cocoon formation. 5. Spermathatheceae- There are four pairs of spermatheca located ventro- laterally in the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th segments. There openings are located in the intersegments of 6/7, 7/8 8/9 and 9/10. They are the sites for reserving the sperms during the copulation phase.The male genital aperture and the spermatheceae get fused during copulation where the sperms from the male genital pore are transferred to spremathaceae. Structurally the spermathaceae consists of a pear-shaped ampulla, a neck and a nose- like outgrowth called diverticulum. In Pheretima, the sperms are stored in the diverticulum and the nourishment is provided by the ampulla. Unlikely in other earthworms, they are stored in the ampulla itself. Fig. Reproductive system of Pheretima posthuma Fig. OvaryFig. Spermathaceae

Sox Research Paper

Running head: Nonprofits and SOX Heather Tanenbaum Student ID: 3750548620 Accounting Capstone: Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted: Submitted to: Tee M. Thein Table of Contents Abstract Introduction SOX regulations for nonprofits Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of a wave of accounting scandals and related financial irregularities in corporations such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. SOX is called the most significant securities legislation since 1933 and 1934 securities ACT. The Act attempted to make ethics more black and white rather than a gray area. The increased guidelines have changed businesses and business relationships.These new requirements have placed greater demands on directors, audit committees, auditors a nd management. Most, of these provisions where only made towards publicly held companies, similar regulations targeted nonprofit organizations (Panel on the Nonprofit Sector 2005). Two hundred and fifteen nonprofit organizations have voluntarily adopted provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Many, nonprofits are currently in the process of adopting SOX.The Panel on the Nonprofit Sector (2005), in its final report to Congress in June 2005, recommends more than 120 actions to be taken by charitable organizations, Congress and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) to strength nonprofits against, transparency, governance and accountability. The most significant provision of the Act is the requirements in Section 404 the reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls over the financial reporting. PCAOB auditing standard 2 requires that the audit of internal control be integrated with the audit of the financial statements.The PCAOB requirements also only apply to public and private for profit companies, these would be new requirements for nonprofits wishing to adopt to SOX. The requirements of SOX section 404 requirements on internal controls have proven to be quite expensive for public companies (D’Aquila 2004; Pomeroy 2006), further research in to the current state of governance in the nonprofit sector would be beneficial before similar measures are mandated. Nonprofits have several reasons they might be compelled to adopt SOX provisions. First, several states are likely to emulate provisions similar to those of SOX.Some of these new laws incorporate elements of SOX including: expanding whistleblower protection, requiring officers of the organization to sign the corporation’s annual report, appointing an audit committee and increasing penalties against those who commit fraud or impede an investigation of fraud. California passed the Nonprofit Integrity Act in 2004. This Act addresses financial reporting, corporate governance, compensat ion, independence and fund raising (Silk and Fei 2005). New Hampshire requires audited financial statements for nonprofits with revenues greater than one million.Massachusetts, Connecticut and Kansas have similar requirements (Anderson and Kelley 2006). Second, unethical behavior seems as common in the nonprofit organizations as it does in the private sector. Recent scandals in nonprofit organizations such as: The NYSE, Upsala College, United Way and Education & Research Foundation, have had a negative effect on the public trust in their charitable organizations (Gibelman 1997). For nonprofits trust from the public is vital because the majority of their funds come from donors.SOX could result in more positive responses from donors, investors and future board members (Orlikoff and Totten 2004). Finally, some provisions of SOX already apply to nonprofits. Nonprofits must establish whistleblower protection and document destruction policies. Other provisions are inevitable, because of t he large amount of grants nonprofits receive which come with the own regulations and restrictions (BoardSource 2003). The purpose of this paper is to provide a reasonable understanding of how nonprofits have been affected by SOX. SOX regulations for nonprofitsSOX requires that companies have an audit committee that includes independent members and members of the board. SOX also requires the company to disclosure whether one of the internal auditor is a financial expert and whether they are directly responsible for overseeing the external auditors. This is to ensure that the financial statements are understand, that there is proper communication with the external auditors and that there is an understanding of internal controls. In order to enhance standards for nonprofit accountability and financial reporting all nonprofits should have an independent audit committee (BoardSource 2003).Sox requires that nonprofits disclose whether a code of ethics has been adopted for senior financial officers. If they do not have a code of ethics reasons for not having one have to be disclosed. This is to encourage the development of a code of ethics in order to enhance trustworthiness to contributors and other constituents. The whistleblower protection policy applies to nonprofits as well as for profit organizations. This regulation protects whistleblowers from special damages and attorney’s fees. It also, prohibits the employer from punishing the whistleblower in any manner.SOX provides additional protection for whistleblowers by, instating criminal penalties for actions taken against whistleblowers. Nonprofits should develop confidential and anonymous procedures for handling employee complaints. Although the CEO and CFO do not need to sign financial statements they do need to understand them and ensure that they are fairly presented in all materially respects. The responsibility for approving the financial statements ultimately belongs to the board of directors. Secti on 404 of SOX requires companies to include an internal controls report along with their annual report.Their internal control report should state the responsibility of management to establish and maintain an internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. It should also contain, an assessment at the end of the most recent fiscal year as to the effectiveness of internal controls and the procedures for financial reporting (O’Hare 2002; BoardSource 2003; Walters 2003; Tran 2005). SOX requires auditors of public companies to prepare and maintain audit workpapers and other information related to any report in sufficient detail to support the auditors conclusions, for a period not less than seven years.Failing to do so is a criminal offence subject to fines and up to ten years in prison. Existing standards for audits of nonprofits do not include a mandated audit documentation retention period. Instead, those standards require nonprofits and auditors to retain rec ords long enough to sastify any pertinent legal requirements of record retention. Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Larger organizations with more resources will be more likely to adopt SOX. The public and media are more likely to be harsher on larger nonprofits, which makes them more likely to have stronger governance mechanisms.The board of directors have the ultimate responsibility of overseeing proper financial statement presentation (BoardSource 2003; Walters 2003). Research on the relationship between board size and firm value has had mixed results. Yermack (1996) provides evidence that smaller boards are associated with a higher firm value. In 2008, Coles find that are diversified among industries or have high leverage, are more likely to benefit from a larger board of directors. Corporate governance characteristics, have been shown to be related to the size of the board.Bradbury (1990) finds board size and intercompany ownership to be determinants of voluntary audit commit tees in public companies. In another study shows that larger boards are more likely to create audit committee boards (Beasley, Salterio, 2001). In a NASDAQ over the counter study done by Pincus (1989), he found that managerial ownership, leverage, size of the company, proportion of outside directors to total directors, use of Big 8 auditors and participation in the National Market System are related to voluntary formation of audit committees.As a result as the size of the board of directors of a nonprofit increases, so does the likely hood that they will voluntarily adopt SOX. Nonprofits with independent boards of directors are also more likely to adopt SOX. The main reasons nonprofits would voluntarily adopt SOX would be to increase the trust in the public in order to receive more funds. However some nonprofits, feel that the provisions in SOX burden the nonprofits so much that it is beneficial not to adopt SOX.These nonprofits strongly believe that SOX should not be required for n onprofits for the following reasons: †¢ One, nonprofits are grassroots organizations with small staffs and have boards filled with community- minded people with little or no business and management background. If SOX was required out of these nonprofits, the staff would be overwhelmed, along with the board and it would take away from the nonprofits primary mission. †¢ Two, nonprofits are already held to higher standards by the public then private or government agencies because, if the public doesn’t trust the organization they won’t donate their money.Also, nonprofits receive a large portion of their funds from government grants which are held to strict oversight and laws and regulations. †¢ Three, certain regulations of SOX will increase overhead costs and make the nonprofits look less efficient to contributors. On the other hand, by voluntarily adopting SOX, nonprofits are showing to the public that they are concerned about protecting funds, increasing operating efficiency and effectiveness, also enhancing accountability. Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Anderson, S. , and C. L. Kelley. 2006.Advising nonprofit organizations. The CPA Journal 76 (8): 20-26. Beasley, M. S. , and S. E. Salterio. 2001. The relationship between board characteristics and voluntary improvements in audit committee composition and experience. Contemporary Accounting Research 18 (Winter): 539-570. BoardSource. 2003. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and implications for nonprofit organizations. Available at: http://www. boardsource. org/clintfiles/Sarbarnes-Oxley. pdf. Bradbury, M. E. 1990. The incentives for voluntary audit committee formation. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 9 (1): 19-36. Broude, P.D. 2006. The impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on private & nonprofit companies. Foley and Lardner, LLP. Available at: http://www. foley. com/publications/pub_detail. aspx? puibid=3511. Coles, J. L. , D. D. Naveen, and L. Naveen. 2008 . Boards: Does one size fit all? Journal of Financial Economics 87 (2): 329-356 D’Aquila, J. M. 2004. Tallying the cost of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The CPA Journal 74 (11): 6-9. Gibelman, M. , S. Gelman, and D. Pollack. 1997. The credibility of nonprofit boards: A view from the 1990s and beyond. Administration in Social Work 21 (2): 21-39. Grant Thornton LLP. 2006.Grant Thornton National Board governance survey for not-for-profit organizations. Available at: http://www. granthornton. com/staticfiles/GTCom/files/Industries/NotForProfit/nfp_board1. pdf. GuideStar. 2005. Nonprofits, Sarbanes-Oxley, and the states. Available at: http://www. guidestar. org/DisplayArticle. do? articleId=779. Hempel, J. , and A. Borrus. 2004. Now the nonprofits need cleaning up; Cozy boardrooms at colleges and charities face increasing government scrutiny. BusinessWeek (June 21): 107. Hymowitz, C. 2005. The Sarbanes-Oxley era, running a nonprofit is only getting harder.Wall Street Journal (June 21): B1. O’Hare, P. 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley raises red flag for not-for-profits. Healthcare Financial Management 56 (10): 42-44. O’Regan, K. , and S. M. Oster. 2005. Does the structure and composition of the board matter? The case of nonprofit organizations. Journal of Law Economics and Organization 21 (1): 205-227. Orlikoff, J. , and M. Totten. 2004. Applying for-profit governance reforms. Healthcare Executive 19 (3): 52. Panel in the Nonprofit Sector. 2005. Strengthening transparency, governance and accountability of charitable organizations. Available at:

Singapore Flyer

Introduction Our group’s choice of attraction is the Singapore Flyer (FIG. 1). Endorsed by the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) and opened on 25th April 2008, the Flyer stands at 165m in height and was built at a cost of S$240 million. It is ranked #19 out of 276 attractions in Singapore on TripAdvisor and is one of the attractions that make up the â€Å"See Singapore Pass†. A General Assessment of the Singapore FlyerWith reference to Butler’s Tourism Area Cycle of Evolution theory (1980), the Flyer is likely to be at the development stage (third stage) as it has established itself as a well-known paid tourist attraction with sharp planning and strategies designed to attract tourists. Visitor arrivals in 2010 were 30% higher than in 2009, largely due to the Flyer’s $10 million master plan that included the launch of the Singapore Food Trail and the Journey of Dreams interactive gallery[1]. However, it has also faced much criticism for its perceived lack of au thenticity and dilution of local culture.For example, the Singapore Food Trail (FIG. 2) can be considered a form of constructed authenticity[2] – it has a themed interior design and setting from the past as well as makeshift stalls along the roadside, all of which brings back the nostalgic feel and charm of Singapore in the 1960s. This shows how the Flyer has sought to keep up with â€Å"The Tourist† who demands authenticity and associated feelings of nostalgia for the â€Å"natural past† (GE2218 Lecture 5, 2013) There are multiple reasons to explain why this attraction was opened.Firstly, the Flyer is one of a few vantage points that offer both locals and tourists a 360o panoramic view of the cityscape. Secondly, it was to be a revenue-generating attraction for the government as 50% of visitors were expected to be tourists with S$94 million in tourism receipts generated in its opening year. Third, as the Flyer is similarly styled to the London Eye (London being an Alpha++ city[3]), opening it could be viewed as a political and economic gesture to the rest of the world that not only is Singapore a leading world city, it is also an attractive place for foreign investment.According to Ms Patsy Ong[4], â€Å"the opening of Singapore Flyer herald[s] a new age for tourism in Singapore†¦ the unique and exhilarating top-of-the-world experience makes Singapore Flyer a must-see and compelling visitor destination in Asia. † Fourth, the Flyer provides Singapore with an iconic landmark that can be recognized internationally, more so when set amidst a necklace of attractions such as the iconic Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort next door.The Flyer serves those who wish to take in Singapore’s cityscape from an aerial view as well as those who want to eat and shop before or after taking the attraction. It tries to cater to a range of age groups, socio-economic back grounds and nationalities. Examples include having student discounts on certain days, family packages, infrastructure that support wheelchair users, multiple restaurants and shops as well as a recreated Rainforest garden (FIG. 3) that provides visitors with a lush tropical feel.However, despite trying to stay inclusive by catering to the mainstream crowd, many still feel the Flyer tickets are too expensive[5] – it is therefore highly likely that people from lower-income groups are priced out and excluded[6]. The Flyer attracts a range of visitors although the majority of people there were tourists[7]. According to one of the staff at XD Experiential Ride, visitors to the Flyer comprise largely of tourist families and couples. Couples normally visit at night while the weekends see mostly families.Generally, the complex was observed to be largely empty on a weekday afternoon (FIG. 4). Times of day as well as weather has a great influence on when people visit – most visitors prefer to view the cityscape at night while bad weather limits maxi mum enjoyment of the ride. Numerous people such as retail and F&B staff, maintenance staff and security staff work at the Flyer with majority of them involved in the security department. SWOT Analysis Chart The SWOT analysis chart (FIG. 5) will be used to evaluate the  Strengths,  Weaknesses,  Opportunities and  Threats involved in the Singapore Flyer.Identification of the Flyer’s SWOTs are essential as they inform later steps in achieving its ultimate objective – to attract more tourists and to increase tourist revenues. Strengths The Singapore Flyer claims the title as the world’s largest observation wheel – it is a landscape of spectacle[8] by virtue of its sheer size and distinction and is also visually effective and stimulating. Its air-conditioned capsules make it suitable for tourists who are unaccustomed to Singapore’s tropical heat.Through branding, the Flyer sets itself apart as a world-class lifestyle destination of choice for vi sitors, offering the best views and fabulous dining[9] all within the same complex (FIG. 6). Joint promotions with retail shops located within the complex are also carried out (FIG. 7). The Flyer is highly accessible by public transport, a necessity as it is likely to be the main mode of transport for tourists. The attraction is directly linked to Promenade MRT station while free shuttle buses operate every half hour to and from City Hall MRT station.Coach bays for tour buses are also available (FIG. 8). The Flyer also capitalizes on its good Chi or fengshui with its Signature Auspicious Trail that â€Å"promises to harness the right Chi or the cohesive flow of position energy that guarantees prosperity, good fortune and longevity. †[10] This makes it more attractive to the Asian tourist market where many remain auspicious and who believe in collecting good fengshui. In addition, the Flyer actively markets itself to a global audience through link-ups with tour agencies, Singa pore Airlines, and schools. WeaknessesThe Flyer lacks originality with some viewing it as a â€Å"copycat version† of the London Eye. â€Å"Staged authenticity† (Edensor, 2009) is evident in the Flyer’s offerings of bite-sized and packaged â€Å"Singaporean† facets – an appropriated artificial â€Å"Food Trail† and â€Å"Rainforest Discovery† – that reduce and dilute the authenticity of Singapore’s culture and identity to an engineered landscape[11] that may not go down well with locals. Locally however, there has been little or no national awareness about the attraction as little publicity and hype is generated apart from special occasions.Many locals also have the mindset that the Flyer is a â€Å"tourist attraction†, hence they subconsciously exclude themselves from participating in this activity. Opportunities With reference to the consumer/social factor, the Flyer should capitalize on Singapore’s growi ng popularity as a tourist destination for visitors from all over the world. This growing popularity could very well be a result of our perceived Orientalism/exoticism[12] (Morgan et al, 2012:245) where tourists view Singapore as the â€Å"Exotic East†[13] (Jandt, 2004:404).Moreover, we appeal directly to the tourist who wish to explore South-East Asia but are turned off by many of the other less-developed S. E. A countries – in this way, Singapore could act as the â€Å"gateway† to these other countries. Through their transit here, it is highly probable that tourists would want to explore Singapore as well, and hence the Flyer could capitalize on this aspect by marketing itself vigorously as a â€Å"must-see destination† for these global tourists.Economically, opportunities for the Flyer will increase as there is currently huge potential for our MICE sector to grow even more, particularly with the opening of the MBS Convention Centre located right beside the Singapore Flyer. As Chandran Nair, general manager of Singex puts it, â€Å"MICE has a strong multiplier effect for the economy. You see major trade shows coming into the countries, and you see hotels, stand contractors, freight forwarders and shops benefit. â€Å"[14] This is directly linked to tourism because as the number of MICE conventions held increase, visitor arrivals numbers will definitely grow together in tandem.As visitors to Singapore increase, they are likely to go sight-seeing and with the Flyer in such close proximity to the MBS Convention Centre, it is hence extremely convenient for visitors to make their way there, thereby boosting visitor arrivals and revenue for the Flyer. Opportunities further arise as the everyday tourist experiences a rise in income and quality of life due to strong domestic growth in their home countries. The Flyer could provide associated services that appeal to these people, thereby capturing a portion of the wealth they are prepared to spend[15].As reported by ICAEW[16], Singapore’s tourism industry is predicted to benefit from strong domestic growth in countries in the region like Indonesia, where newly rich Indonesians are more able to travel abroad and who are prepared to spend top dollar in their destination countries. Threats A threat could be the increasing number of similar attractions around the world. As countries compete for the tourist dollar, it is vital to note if the Flyer has a competitive edge over any of these other attractions.Not only does the Flyer have to fight with similar existing attractions (e. g. Ferris Wheel in Taipei[17] and the Menara Tower in Kuala Lumpur[18]), many similar new attractions have also been planned such as the proposed Dubai Eye, The New York Wheel and the Eye on Malaysia. Another threat is the possibility of being overshadowed by newer buildings that offer the same panoramic view of Singapore such as the Marina Bay Sands SkyPark, Sky on 57 and 1-Altitude. Ano ther related point is that as tourists spend an average of just 3. days in Singapore[19], they might choose to visit the more popular and well-known attractions like Sentosa, Singapore Zoo and the Orchard Road shopping district while giving the Flyer a miss. Additionally, the Flyer is extremely vulnerable to adverse weather conditions (e. g. thunderstorms) in which it has no control over. In 2010, lightning struck the Flyer and caused a malfunction in the air-conditioning system; the attraction had to be closed for two days before it was certified safe to re-open.This shows how attractions that capitalize on offering spectacular scenic views are extremely vulnerable to weather conditions, and further illustrates how tourist attractions are constantly evolving as they seek to adapt to different circumstances every day. Conclusion As the aforementioned analysis has demonstrated, the Singapore Flyer is a tourist site that has ample strengths and opportunities that can be tapped on and further enhanced for the generation of revenue. These however, have to be carefully negotiated with the opportunity costs that may be incurred.One should be cautious therefore that capital maximisation through the presentation of bite-sized touristy images is in fact an inauthentic re-appropriation of the â€Å"Singapore culture†. Such a phenomena, in the name of profit maximisation, threatens authenticity, where models of a real are without origin or reality: a hyperreal that sees the precession of simulacra(http://www. stanford. edu/class/history34q/readings/Baudrillard/Baudrillard_Simulacra. html), and an eventual threat to our identity as Singaporeans as we know it.As consultants for the Singaporean tourism company in pursuit for profits, we therefore identify the strengths and opportunities of the Singapore Flyer. However, we also seek to highlight the weaknesses and threats that may impinge on the very authenticity and character of the Singaporean culture and identity. Appendix FIG. 1 – Singapore Flyer signage [pic] FIG. 2 – Recreated tropical rainforest [pic] FIG. 3 – Singapore Food Trail [pic] (Obtained from: http://www. singaporeflyer. com/wp-content/header-images/food-trail. jpg) FIG. 4 – Flyer on a weekday afternoon [pic] FIG. 5 – SWOT Chart LOCATION |TYPE OF FACTOR | |OF FACTOR | | | |Favourable |Unfavourable | |Internal |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Offerings |Offers spectacular view of cityscape |Lacks originality | | |Air-conditioned capsules |Reduces and dilutes Singapore’s cultural authenticity | | |Easily accessible | | | |Combines F&B, shopping and sightseeing all in one | | | |complex | | |Marketing |Excellent branding strategies |Little/no local awareness of promotional activities | |External |Opportunities |Threats | |Consumer/social |Gateway to rest of Southeast Asia |Tourists bypass Flyer for more popular attractions | | | Vulnerable to weather conditions | |Economic |Rise of the well-heel ed global tourist |Increasing number of similar existing/new attractions | | |Huge growth potential in the MICE sector |globally | | | |Overshadowed by other buildings that offer the same | | | |view | FIG. 6 – â€Å"Play, Shop & Dine† all in one complex [pic] FIG. 7 – Joint promotion held with Nankai, a retail shop located within the Flyer complex [pic] FIG. 8 – Coach bays [pic][pic] ———————– [1] http://www. asiaone. com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110407-272181. html 2] An authenticity projected onto toured objects by tourists or tourist producers in terms of their imagery, expectations, preferences, beliefs and powers (Wang, 1999:352) [3] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_city [4] Managing director of Adval Brand Group Pte Ltd, the exclusive sales, marketing and ticket distribution agent of the Flyer [5] S$21 for a child; S$33 for an adult (Singapore Flyer, 2013) [6] Supporte d by our survey results where majority of survey respondents regarded themselves as belonging to the middle and upper-middle income strata. [7] Our survey results showed that visitors to the Flyer were mostly overseas tourists who hailed from places like India, England, New Zealand, China and Korea. [8]

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins the theme that there is most focuses on is the experience getting out of reading a poem. When reading a poem readers tend to just read the poem and then come to a direct conclusion and assume that they understand the meaning, and not looking at it in a different way. This is not what Billy Collins wants â€Å"them† referring to his students to do. In the first stanzas it shows how â€Å"I† who is referred to himself wants â€Å"them† to experience the poem.The tone the author has changes throughout the poem. By looking at the first two words in the beginning of the first three stanzas, there is a clear change in tone. The change in tone shows that his temper is rising as the poem progresses. He starts off by â€Å"I ask them† which is polite, then in the next stanzas â€Å"I say† which is more direct and in the third stanzas â€Å"I want them t o† which indicates that his mood and tone has changed. The way Billy Collins chooses to describe the experience with particular images.In the first stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a color slide† that creates a strong imagery that readers have to squint their eyes to look at the slide clearly. In the second stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a hive†, it might be difficult to fully understand a poem, but one can succeed even though it seems difficult. In the third and fourth stanza, Billy Collins compares â€Å"poem† to â€Å"a maze† and â€Å"a room in a house†, that indicates that the reader must feel lost and frustration. Yet, the last two stanzas show a harsh and different contrast to the previous stanzas.The tone and imagery has a negative kind of manner towards poetry, as he describes the way his students read and rush to a conclusion. The author describes â€Å"poem† as â€Å"a prisoner†, being tied to a chair and tortured with a hose. It adds a mocking, yet humorous tone to the whole poem, mocking at the incorrect attitudes of students towards poetry, hoping to alert the readers at the same time. The poet’s choice of words gives dramatic imagery for the readers, In hope of changing the reading and interpretations of the poem. Reading Poetry† and â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† are bough similar in the way that they are describing poetry and the way they relate to how people do and should interpret poetry. â€Å"Reading Poetry† has more focus on how people see poetry for and against point of view. It tells the reader a lot about the history of poetry and the way poets write poems. The structure in â€Å"Reading Poetry† is very organized in the sense that the author starts off by writing about the ancient Greeks and Romans and works its way all the way down to how different people interpret a poem.The two texts are very different when it come s to the contexts and lay out, but the author’s bought state the same opinion. They way to understand a poem is what they discuss the most, it is also a very important key element when reading a poem. Poets use their poems to express emotions and experiences; they then pass them on to the reader to give the reader a feeling of the author way of seeing things. Text 2 â€Å"Reading Poetry† goes into detail with trying to define poetry. This is a question that cannot be answered but is a personal opinion, just like art. Poems are a work of art, some like it others don’t. It’s a matter of taste.

Asking for Extensive Time Off by Employees Essay

Asking for Extensive Time Off by Employees - Essay Example to identify and implement required programs and policies in the organization providing equal employment opportunity, filling the current openings through interviews, training, resolving safety problems and providing benefits in wages and other increments. As a strategic human resource consultant for 1995 Auto Corporation based in Central Colorado, a company manufacturing emerging lighting systems for first responder vehicles, a HR policy needs to be put in place to resolve the issues of human resource and employee grievances need to be addressed with regard to extensive time off by employees and to develop a leave policy in consideration to employer and to extend harmonious relationship between employer and employees. R. Shaffer has been operating as the sole proprietor of 1995 Auto Corporation for 18 months and used the services of her family members to help her operate in the business, because of which she didn’t felt it important to apply for unemployment insurance, purchase a general liability insurance policy or workers compensation policy. However with increase in the business operations, the company opted for aggressive hiring strategy due to which the company now has 88 unionized and 22 non unionized employees. Despite the growth in business operations and employee strength, the company does not has dedicated human resource cell and the activities pertaining to HR are managed by Production Operations Manager who has limited knowledge with regard to HR policies, practice and regulation which over the time resulted in employee grievances. The present issue is concerned with extended time off from work by most of the employees and the owner expresses inability to sanction the same due to effects on productivity. However, it is not known whether the employees who requested for the extensive time off, are unionized or non-unionized. Every employer within US has to abide by the rules and regulations set in the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. The FMLA

Kahlo vs. Duchamp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kahlo vs. Duchamp - Essay Example Religious figures were not prominent in her paintings, although several paintings suggest a spiritual side of Kahlo, in which death and its relationship to life are explored. Likewise, Duchamp, being a total iconoclast and a card-carrying member of the Futurist mode of art, eschewed tradition, and, because there is no institution more traditional then religion, Duchamp also did not overtly make religious art. However, like Kahlo, he did make art that can be interpreted in a religious way, even if these paintings are non-representational, non-traditional and make commentary on religions that are in line with his non-traditional, Futurist ways. Religion and Frida Kahlo Kahlo, as explained above, was not overtly religious in her paintings, however, their symbolism does suggest a type of religious sensibility. Such is the way that Herrara (1983) describes The Broken Column.1 Painted after Kahlo suffered a serious accident at the age of 18, in which Kahlo was riding in a wooden bus that c ollided with a streetcar. Kahlo was impaled with an iron handrail, and, for the first month after the accident, it was not certain that she would live. For many months after that, Frida lay immobilized in plaster casts and other contraptions, her spinal column broken in three places, along with her collarbone, right leg, pelvis, and right foot (Herrera, 1983). The Broken Column was Frida's response to this tragedy, and, on the surface, its meaning is clear - Frida was broken inside. The painting showed an outside of perfection and beauty firm, taut breasts, perfect brown skin, long, flowing hair and a youthful face. However, the opening in the body that shows the steel-plated spine, and the fact that she is shown corseted, tells the true story. Frida was severely injured, and this painting literally shows her injuries. Moreover, the expression on her face, defiant and proud, shows that world that Frida is not about to give up in the face of pain and anguish. The steel spine, while e mblematic of the accident, may also literally mean that her spine was steeled, in the sense that she is strong and will not give up. Therefore, a literal interpretation of this painting is of a defiant woman who was broken but not bowed. However, Herrara (1983) states that the painting has a religious symbolism as well. Herrara states that the corsets are evocative of Christ's winding sheet, which ties this painting in with traditional Christian symbolism (Herrara, 1983). The implication for this is clear, in that Kahlo's suffering and pain were somehow transcendent, in that they have made her a martyr, much like earlier Christians. After all, Kahlo got into painting because of the accident Frida stated that, after the accident, she had to keep still, which led her into painting - ?ithout paying much attention, I began to paint, because, after the accident, she was ?ored as hell with a plaster cast, so I decided to do something. I stole from my father some oil paints, and my mother ordered for me a special easel because I couldn't sit [up], and I started to paint(Herrara, 1983). Frida's accident, and the pain and suffering which came after it, was necessary for Frida to find her artistic voice and give to the world her gift. Therefore, like Christ before her, Frida had to suffer pain and sacrifice for the good of the world. Because of this, Herrara saw The Broken Column as Frida's imagery which evokes a Christian martyr, and spiritual suffering. The painting takes on a religious significance that,

MG3122 STRATEGIC MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MG3122 STRATEGIC MARKETING - Essay Example 2.0 John Lewis John Lewis is renowned departmental store chain of United Kingdom. The store chain has expanded business throughout the country within last hundred years. The company is headquartered at London, United Kingdom. The departmental store chain was founded by John Lewis in the year 1864. In the initial period the organization started their operation as single store but soon they transformed their business model into departmental store chain with the help of John Lewis Partnership. 2.1 John Lewis Partnership The partnership model gives opportunity to employees to gain partial ownership and contribute as stakeholder to business operation of the departmental store chain. John Lewis Partnership provides partial ownership or partnership benefits to existing thirty nine thousand employees of the company (McCallion, 2010). The John Lewis Partnership has won 'Retailer of the Year' in the year 2011. Recent report published by the company shows that they have more than 81,000 permane nt staff as well as partners. John Lewis has been ranked as one of premium departmental store chains of United Kingdom. They have already opened thirty eight outlets and also planning to establish strategic business units in foreign shore within next five years. The London based departmental store chain has achieved annual gross sales revenue of ?8.7bn in the year 2011 (John Lewis Partnership, 2012). 2.2 Business Strategy Business model of the company can be understood in the following manner. The company operates with 30 departmental stores across United Kingdom in order to provide multi brand products to customers The company has opened eight John Lewis at home stores They have also established 285 Waitrose supermarkets for selling products on online platform Business strategy of the company relies on three interdependent variables such as s Partners, profit and customers in order to achieve sustainable business growth. Strategic initiatives of the company can be analyzed in the f ollowing manner. Providing maximum sustainability and security to partners in order to motivate them to perform well. The company has understood that satisfied partners can help them to improvise in daily operation which will help them to increase operational excellence. Partners need to emphasize on recruiting and retaining loyal customers through providing them excellent customer triads such as quality, service and price. The company tries to retain sufficient profit margin for partners in order to sustain commercial vitality of the company. John Lewis distributes profits to staffs and partners on regular basis in order to motivate them to perform well (John Lewis Partnership, 2012). 3.0 Industry Overview John Lewis has cemented a premier position in retail and departmental store industry. The company faces competition in the field of Furniture Manufacturing, Consumer durable Manufacturing, Textile Manufacturing and Grocery Supermarket. ASDA Group, Arcadia Group, Marks & Spencer a nd Argos Limited are major competitors for John Lewis. Swedish furniture retailing giant IKEA has recently entered in retail